日本乱码卡一卡二乱码新区_日韩亚洲精品久久无码_日本久久久久久久久久加勒比_日本精品不卡一卡二卡_久久亚洲精品成人av无码网站_无码人妻一区二区三区麻豆_日韩人妻无码精品系列_亚洲中文字幕无码久久2018_亚洲中文无码mv_永久免费观看美女裸体视频的网站

　　電鍍(du)添加(jia)劑中表(biao)面(mian)活性劑的介紹　　電鍍(du)添加(jia)劑中常(chang)用的表(biao)面(mian)活性劑有(you):丁二(er)酸(suan)二(er)辛酯(zhi)鈉(氣溶(rong)膠)；duponol)；脂肪(fang)(fang)醇硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)；支鏈(lian)脂肪(fang)(fang)醇硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(tergitol)；烷基(ji)(ji)芳基(ji)(ji)磺酸(suan)鹽(yan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(NAC conol)；烷醇)；系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)；烷基(ji)(ji)芳基(ji)(ji)酚(fen)醚硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(Triton 720)；三噸)；系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)；壬基(ji)(ji)酚(fen)聚氧乙(yi)烯醚系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(TritonN)

　　表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)有(you):鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye):鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)約占金(jin)屬總鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50環左右(you)。鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)工藝分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)堿性鋅(xin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽、堿性氰化(hua)(hua)物(wu)、酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性氯化(hua)(hua)物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性氯化(hua)(hua)鉀鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)。在(zai)(zai)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性氯化(hua)(hua)銨鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)入平平加(jia)(jia)(jia)SA-20、0-20等。與(yu)芐(xia)叉丙酮復配可(ke)(ke)(ke)獲(huo)得良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增亮(liang)效(xiao)果(guo)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)入聚(ju)氧乙烯(xi)(20)壬(ren)基(ji)(ji)酚醚(mi)，鋅(xin)沉(chen)淀(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)*化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)Z大，電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)效(xiao)果(guo)Z好(hao)。　　鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye):對于(yu)高速(su)氰化(hua)(hua)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)入聚(ju)氧乙烯(xi)(N)硬脂(zhi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)SE-10或SE-20可(ke)(ke)(ke)獲(huo)得良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)效(xiao)果(guo)。然而(er)，聚(ju)氧乙烯(xi)油基(ji)(ji)醚(mi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)聚(ju)氧乙烯(xi)(n)壬(ren)基(ji)(ji)酚醚(mi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)凹痕和(he)(he)(he)(he)針孔。在(zai)(zai)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入十二烷基(ji)(ji)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉和(he)(he)(he)(he)滲透劑(ji)(ji)-OT會降低(di)銅(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)*沉(chen)積過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)*化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，促進銅(tong)(tong)離(li)(li)子還(huan)原為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)。據(ju)報道，有(you)一種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)微(wei)米和(he)(he)(he)(he)亞微(wei)米孔和(he)(he)(he)(he)縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬化(hua)(hua)。該電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)由至少(shao)一種(zhong)(zhong)烷基(ji)(ji)磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)鹽和(he)(he)(he)(he)至少(shao)一種(zhong)(zhong)游離(li)(li)烷基(ji)(ji)磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)組成(cheng)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游離(li)(li)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃度(du)(du)下工作(zuo)，其游離(li)(li)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃度(du)(du)低(di)于(yu)目前優(you)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。該鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)比硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)需要(yao)更(geng)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)，但(dan)是可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)獲(huo)得更(geng)光(guang)(guang)滑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)張力(li)更(geng)低(di)，并且銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)比硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)更(geng)準(zhun)確，在(zai)(zai)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pH值下操作(zuo)仍然可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)獲(huo)得工業上可(ke)(ke)(ke)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層。　　鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鎳(nie)(nie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye):鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鎳(nie)(nie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鎳(nie)(nie)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)劑(ji)(ji)。前一種(zhong)(zhong)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)劑(ji)(ji)通(tong)常(chang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)(zhong)芳香族磺(huang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)防(fang)止凹痕方面(mian)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)明(ming)顯。K-12的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)強度(du)(du)降低(di)到30-35達因/厘米，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)時電(dian)(dian)*上產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氣泡(pao)容(rong)易逸出，達到防(fang)凹陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。在(zai)(zai)含有(you)糖精(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鎳(nie)(nie)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入K-12，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)膠束，起到后者光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye):在(zai)(zai)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)亞錫(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入木焦(jiao)油作(zuo)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)劑(ji)(ji)，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)醋酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)辛(xin)醇作(zuo)為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)劑(ji)(ji)已被廣泛使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。以(yi)(yi)甲(jia)(jia)醛和(he)(he)(he)(he)鄰甲(jia)(jia)苯胺縮合(he)(he)物(wu)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)劑(ji)(ji)，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)辛(xin)醇乙酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)酯(zhi)為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)劑(ji)(ji)，在(zai)(zai)攪拌條(tiao)件下獲(huo)得了鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。這種(zhong)(zhong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體稱為(wei)三硼酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。類(lei)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)法國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Brillanteur200溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、德(de)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Stanostar溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆腐溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。涂飛等人研制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)甲(jia)(jia)醛和(he)(he)(he)(he)鄰甲(jia)(jia)苯胺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮合(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)物(wu)作(zuo)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)劑(ji)(ji)。以(yi)(yi)壬(ren)基(ji)(ji)酚聚(ju)氧乙烯(xi)醚(mi)(NPPOE)或異辛(xin)基(ji)(ji)酚聚(ju)氧乙烯(xi)醚(mi)(IOPOE)為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)劑(ji)(ji)，成(cheng)功地(di)獲(huo)得了無需預電(dian)(dian)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅(xin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氯化(hua)(hua)鉀鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入白色通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)性鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)錫(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)裝飾性錫(xi)(xi)(xi)鋅(xin)合(he)(he)金(jin)代(dai)替銀，可(ke)(ke)(ke)獲(huo)得結晶細致、裝飾性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)層。　　鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鉻(ge)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye):鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鉻(ge)通(tong)常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高濃度(du)(du)鉻(ge)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(CrO3 25g/L，H2SO4 2.5g/L)，一般不需要(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)亮(liang)劑(ji)(ji)或防(fang)凹痕劑(ji)(ji)。