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　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)人必學:電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)及(ji)污(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)！　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)是一(yi)項專業性(xing)(xing)很(hen)強(qiang)(qiang)、綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)很(hen)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜系統工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。無論是專業電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業，還是綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業，都具有(you)“四多(duo)(duo)(duo)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian):電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)種(zhong)(zhong)類繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)(duo):電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)種(zhong)(zhong)類繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，有(you)單層電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)，也(ye)有(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)，甚至同(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)或鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)層，因組(zu)合(he)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)可分(fen)為掛鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)、滾鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo):如鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)前處(chu)理(li)(li)(脫(tuo)脂、酸洗、活化(hua)等(deng)。)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)、鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)后(hou)處(chu)理(li)(li)(鈍化(hua)、光照(zhao)、氫氣(qi)(qi)、干燥等(deng))。).不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基材前處(chu)理(li)(li)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)后(hou)處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。　　品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong):　　比(bi)如產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)(he)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何形(xing)(xing)狀和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)條(tiao)件也(ye)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。影響因素很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo):如原材料、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)配方、操作(zuo)條(tiao)件、設備正常程(cheng)(cheng)度，甚至水、電(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)等(deng)。，每(mei)個因素都直接影響產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，因此(ci)(ci)須加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)現場生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。　　加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)日常管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)　　保證(zheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)劃生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)按(an)計(ji)(ji)劃進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，就是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)要(yao)(yao)按(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)要(yao)(yao)求嚴格(ge)按(an)比(bi)例(li)(li)有(you)計(ji)(ji)劃地配合(he)，使整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能有(you)序(xu)(xu)地連續運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，做(zuo)到設備不(bu)(bu)空(kong)置，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件不(bu)(bu)積壓，人員不(bu)(bu)積壓，從而保證(zheng)正常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。　　如果設備能力不(bu)(bu)協調，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)安排不(bu)(bu)合(he)理(li)(li)，人員設置不(bu)(bu)當，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)計(ji)(ji)劃隨時(shi)都會不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)比(bi)例(li)(li)。因此(ci)(ci)，須對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)計(ji)(ji)劃和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，以(yi)保證(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)能按(an)質(zhi)、按(an)量(liang)(liang)、按(an)時(shi)間有(you)規律、有(you)步驟地運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，即每(mei)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)能定(ding)(ding)時(shi)、定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)地進(jin)(jin)出槽，每(mei)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)周期(qi)(qi)能按(an)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)計(ji)(ji)劃正常運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，每(mei)班、每(mei)天、每(mei)周、每(mei)月能定(ding)(ding)時(shi)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)原輔材料(特(te)別是各種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)劑)，定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)凈(jing)化(hua)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液。　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)現場生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織形(xing)(xing)式(shi)　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)組(zu)織形(xing)(xing)式(shi)須適應現代(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。根據上述電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)求，須建立(li)一(yi)套科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)組(zu)織形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，充分(fen)考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(包括人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li))，以(yi)保證(zheng)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控制方面有(you)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方法(fa)。　　

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)現(xian)(xian)場生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)形式　　一(yi)(yi)般應(ying)根(gen)(gen)據加工(gong)(gong)(gong)批量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)型、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)型、經濟核算等(deng)因(yin)(yin)素確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)現(xian)(xian)場生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)形式。　　在(zai)(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)批量(liang)大、訂單穩定、專業(ye)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)程(cheng)(cheng)度高(gao)的(de)(de)情況下，可根(gen)(gen)據產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)特點和需要(yao)(yao)建立(li)(li)(li)專業(ye)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。　　建立(li)(li)(li)專業(ye)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)。　　專業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可以是(shi)自動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)線生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模式，也可以是(shi)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模式，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)從(cong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)前處(chu)理(li)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)到鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)后(hou)(hou)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)完成。有條(tiao)件的(de)(de)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可以獨立(li)(li)(li)設置(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(調度)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢驗、直接成本管(guan)理(li)等(deng)專職部門(men)(或(huo)人(ren)員(yuan))，在(zai)(zai)(zai)公司或(huo)廠部領導下完成產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)任務(wu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種多、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)任務(wu)少(shao)、訂貨不(bu)穩定的(de)(de)條(tiao)件下，可按(an)一(yi)(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)要(yao)(yao)求建立(li)(li)(li)綜合加工(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，滿(man)足市場訂貨要(yao)(yao)求。在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)型可分(fen)(fen)為掛(gua)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和滾鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)型可分(fen)(fen)為鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋅、鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銅、鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鎳、鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鉻(ge)等(deng)。，可以建立(li)(li)(li)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)進行生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)班組(zu)(zu)，可以完成預鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、后(hou)(hou)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)；也可以將預鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)處(chu)理(li)分(fen)(fen)離出來(lai)，建立(li)(li)(li)專業(ye)的(de)(de)前處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan)或(huo)班組(zu)(zu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)預鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)處(chu)理(li)完成后(hou)(hou)，將產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)交付(fu)給各個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan)或(huo)班組(zu)(zu)進行后(hou)(hou)續(xu)(xu)處(chu)理(li)，直到產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)依(yi)次完成。　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)因(yin)(yin)素　　目前在(zai)(zai)(zai)沿海(hai)地區，多為綜合性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠，根(gen)(gen)據生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規模設置(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(排產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan))、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢驗、成本管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)專職人(ren)員(yuan)，或(huo)由公司或(huo)廠部設置(zhi)的(de)(de)上(shang)述專職部門(men)直接管(guan)理(li)車間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。為了(le)保證生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)連續(xu)(xu)性，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)整(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，從(cong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)前、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)后(hou)(hou)，到產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檢驗、測(ce)量(liang)、包裝(zhuang)，都應(ying)連續(xu)(xu)正常(chang)地進行，以消除或(huo)減少(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)斷或(huo)停頓，從(cong)而充分(fen)(fen)利用設備(bei)，有效控制過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，盡可能減少(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)消耗和非正常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)操作。　　在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，容易(yi)影(ying)(ying)響連續(xu)(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)素很(hen)多，如有時生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)安排不(bu)合理(li)，毛坯斷開；輔助(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)斷；工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)故(gu)障或(huo)設備(bei)故(gu)障；供(gong)(gong)水、供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、供(gong)(gong)氣不(bu)正常(chang)；員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安排不(bu)當或(huo)勞動力(li)不(bu)足都會影(ying)(ying)響生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。　　生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)嚴格的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)實際上(shang)是(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)Z終結果。在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)列國際質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)被列為特殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，強調特殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)需要(yao)(yao)特殊考慮(lv)。所謂特殊考慮(lv)，就是(shi)根(gen)(gen)據4W1E(人(ren)員(yuan)、設備(bei)、原材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、方法(fa)、環境)五大因(yin)(yin)素，控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，建立(li)(li)(li)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保證體系(xi)(xi)，達到向市場提(ti)供(gong)(gong)高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。